Hearing loss is a common condition that can affect people of all ages. Understanding the type of hearing loss you have is the first step toward finding an effective treatment. There are three main types of hearing loss, each with its own causes and potential solutions.

1. Conductive Hearing Loss

This type of hearing loss occurs when sound waves are unable to pass from the outer ear to the inner ear. It is often caused by a blockage or an issue in the outer or middle ear that prevents the conduction of sound. In many cases, conductive hearing loss can be temporary and may be corrected medically or surgically.

Common causes of conductive hearing loss include:

• Fluid buildup in the middle ear from an ear infection.
• Earwax impaction or a foreign object blocking the ear canal.
• A punctured eardrum (tympanic membrane perforation).
• Damage to the tiny bones (ossicles) in the middle ear.

2. Sensorineural Hearing Loss

This is the most common and often permanent type of hearing loss. It happens when there is damage to the inner ear (cochlea) or to the auditory nerve pathways leading to the brain. This damage prevents the conversion of sound vibrations into electrical signals that the brain can interpret. Sensorineural hearing loss is typically irreversible, but can be managed with hearing aids or other devices.

Common causes of sensorineural hearing loss include:

• Natural aging (presbycusis).
• Exposure to loud noise (noise-induced hearing loss).
• Genetic or hereditary factors.
• Head trauma or certain medical conditions.

3. Mixed Hearing Loss

A mixed hearing loss is a combination of both conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. This means there is a problem in both the outer or middle ear and in the inner ear or auditory nerve. An audiologist will diagnose this type of hearing loss by identifying which part of the hearing pathway is damaged. Treatment for mixed hearing loss often involves a combination of medical intervention for the conductive component and hearing aids for the sensorineural component.

Finding a Solution

Regardless of the type or degree of hearing loss, a qualified hearing professional can help. A comprehensive hearing evaluation will determine the exact type and cause of your hearing loss, allowing them to recommend the most effective treatment plan for you.